英语论文
篇一：英语论文(傲慢与偏见)
On Jane Austen’s Point of View of Marriage in
Pride and Prejudice
Acknowledgements
This thesis has finally come into being to meet critical eyes through two months of hard work. From the very beginning when I chose the topic till the completion of the thesis, I have benefited from many people .
First of all I would like to show my sincere gratitude to my tutor, Shen Guozheng. Without his sincere and trustworthy guidance，valuable suggestions and critical comments，it would be difficult for me to accomplish this thesis．His loyalty to teaching and punctilious work style has profoundly impressed me.
Moreover, I heartily thank all the teachers who have helped me in the past four years, who have provided me with incentives and direction for my study. Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and their ways of assistance in the course of writing.
Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family members, for their selfless support，thoughtfulness and encouragement．
Abstract
Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century-English literature．Pride and Prejudice is a world wide popular novel published in 1813．Austen set the story in the first decade of the nineteenth century．At that time，marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. The author of the present thesis will analyze the five marriage patterns from the perspective of sociohistorical literary criticism to explore the important role that money and love plays in marriage. It can be seen clearly that Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage：property, social status and love are three indispensable elements in a marriage．It is wrong to marry for money，but it is unwise to marry without money. Austen?s views on marriage emphasize love and economic condition, but love plays the significant role，which is the predominant aspect at Austen?s time. The thesis tries to draw some inspiration from Austen and provide some hints for modern women in their view of marriage, and add something new into the literary criticism of the great work of Jane Austen.
Key Words：Pride and Prejudice; views on marriage; love; property; realistic significance
内容摘要
简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。本文使用社会历史批评的方法来分析小说中五种不同类型的婚姻，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观：财产、门第和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素，为了金钱而结婚是错误的，然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，但是爱情起着重要的作用，这一点在奥斯汀所处时代是有重要意义的。本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴，同时为使用文学批评方法研究奥斯汀的这一著作增添一些新的东西。
关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；婚姻观；爱情；财产；现实意义
Contents
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….…………… ⅰ Abstract(English)……………………………………………………………………………… ⅱ Abstract(Chinese)………………………………………………………………………………ⅲ 1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Introduction………………………………………….…………………………………… 1 Sociohistorial literary criticism …………………………………………………… 1 Sociohistorical analysis of five marriages in Pride and Prejudice……………………2 3.1 Mr. and Mrs. Bennet ……………………………………………………………3 3.2 Jane and Bingley ………………………………………………………………… 4 3.3 Elizabeth and Darcy……………………………………………………………… 5 3.4 Lydia and Wickham……………………………………………………………… 5 3.5 Charlotte and Collins……………………………………………………………6 Significance of Austen?s views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice …………………… 7 4.1 Progressiveness of Austen?s views on marriage ………………………………… 8 4.2 Limitation of Austen?s views on marriage………………………………………8 Conclusion………………………………....................…………………….…………9 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………….………… 11
1. Introduction
Jane Austen was one of the distinguished English novelists of the nineteenth century．She was born on December 16，1775，in the village of Steventon Hampshire，England．As a daughter of a country clergyman，Austen never entered a formal school，but she was well educated by her family. At the age of about twelve，Austen began to write．She wrote and completed six novels and three minor writings in her life time．She was obviously a fruitful novelist and engaged in writing for all her life．“She is said to have the equal name as Sir Walter Scott”(Duckworth 23).
Both in the west and in China, Pride and Prejudice has got great attention from the critics and many critics have commented it from sociohistorical aspect．Although some scholars analyzed Austen?s views on marriage，the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet is often neglected．So the thesis aims to make a deep analysis of marriages in Pride and Prejudice，in order that we can fully understand the original views on marriage，and can add something new into the literary criticism of the great work of Jane Austen．
Like her other novels，Pride and Prejudice focuses on five families in the town．The main characters are the ladies from the genteel class. Austen uses characters as literary devices to show the relationship between married for love and married for alternative reasons．Marriage was thought to be the single possible fulfillment for a woman at the time when Austen wrote the novel．Marriage played an important role in women?s life．
The author of the present thesis will analyze the five marriage patterns from the perspective of sociohistorical literary criticism. Part one is a brief introduction of Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice. Part two will introduce sociohistorical literary criticism in a brief way, and next the thesis will present a sociohistorical anslysis of five marriages in Pride and Prejudice. Part four is the significance of Austen?s views on marriage. The positive aspects that Austen emphasizes on love between male and female and on women?s education are included, as well as the limitation. The last part of the thesis is conclusion. Although women become independent in economy, marriage is still their important life goal．Austen?s views on marriage give useful advice for selecting their proper mates．
2. Sociohistorical literary criticism
Sociohistorical literary criticism first appeared in Italy, but became popular in France．It
篇二：英语论文
衡阳师范学院
毕业论文（设计）
题 目：Conflicts Between Humanism and
所 在 系：
专 业：英 语 学 号： 10080305 作者姓名：陈亚兰
指导教师：李中良
2014年 4 月
目 录
任务书………………………………………………………….I 开题报告……………………………………………………...III 开题报告会纪要 …………………………………………….Ⅵ 成绩评定表（一）……………………………………………Ⅶ 成绩评定表（二）……………………………………………Ⅷ 成绩评定表（三）…………………………………………....Ⅸ
OUTLINE……………..………………………………………..1
论文正文…………………………………………………….....2
衡阳师范学院毕业论文（设计）任务书
衡阳师范学院本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告
篇三：英语论文格式范文
Idiom Translation under the Chinese
and English Cultures
Class XXX
Student’s Number XXX
Name XXX
(说明：关键词Key Words为加粗。冒号后加空格再接关键词，相邻词间用逗号分隔。每个关键词的首字母大写。
从“摘要”开始到“参考文献”结束，所有正文的字体均为Times New Roman，12磅；两端对齐。均采用1.5倍行距)
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping,
2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼
An odd fish怪人
Miss the boat错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
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2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
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2.2.1 Colours
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2.2.2 Numbers
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3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
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3.2 Free Translation
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3.3 Translation with Notes
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3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
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3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
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3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
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4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
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5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名（英语的斜体）. （出版地：）出版社，年份：参考内容页码
[*] 作者. 文章名（英语的斜体）. 刊物名称. （出版地：）出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
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