2016湖北武汉中考成绩查询网址
篇一：2016年武汉市中考物理试题(清晰版)
2016年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试物理试题
一．选择题（36分）
9.下列措施中，不能减弱噪声的是 ．．
A．摩托车的消声器 B．居民区旁高架桥上的隔音挡板
C．学校附近安装噪声监测装置 D．工厂用的防噪声耳罩
10.关于热现象，下列说法正确的是
A．干冰给食品保鲜，利用了干冰熔化吸热
B．把酒精擦在手背上，手背感觉凉爽，是由于酒精汽化放热
C．一瓶水被冰箱冷冻后，取出放一会儿，表面会湿，是由于水蒸气液化
D．北方的冬天，为了保存蔬菜，在菜窖里放几桶水，利用了水凝华放热
11.关于光现象，下列说法错误的是 ．．
A．影的形成，是光的直线传播
B．玻璃幕墙反射的光会“晃”着人们的眼睛，是由于光发生了漫反射
C．小芳面向穿衣镜站在镜前1m处，当她远离平面镜后退0.5m时，镜中的像与她相距3m
D．“海市蜃楼”的形成，是由于发生了折射
12.关于信息的传递与能源，下列说法正确的是
A．手机是利用电磁波传递信号
B．“北斗”导航系统是利用超声波进行定位和导航
C．目前核电站是利用核聚变发电
D．太阳能的利用具有广阔的前景，所以人类不再有能源危机
13.如图所示，GMR是巨磁电阻，它的阻值随电磁铁磁性的增强而减小。下列判断正确的是
A．开关S1闭合，滑片移到某一位置，电磁铁左端为N极
B．开关S2闭合，滑片向右移动，电磁铁磁性增强
C．开关S1和S2同时闭合，滑片向右移动，GMR的电阻变小
D．开关S1和S2同时闭合，滑片向左移动，指示灯变暗
14.如图是手摇发电机的构造示意图。摇动手柄，线圈在磁场中转动
，小灯泡发光。下列实验中和手摇发电机工作原理相同的是
15.关于某中学生的估测，下列数据合理的是
A．身高约为160dm B。100m的短跑成绩约为6s
C．步行的速度约为1m/s D。脉搏正常跳动60次所用时间约为1s。
16.为了测量某金属块的密度，首先用天平测量金属块的质量，当天平平衡时，右盘中的砝码质量和游码的位置如图甲所示。然后用量筒和水测量金属块的体积如图乙所示。下列数据正确的是
A．金属块的质量为39.4g B．金属块的体积为5L
C．金属块的密度为7.8×103kg/m3 D．金属块的密度为7.88g/cm3
17.如图是太阳能汽车在平直公路上匀速行驶的情形，若不计空气对汽车的影响，则下列说法正确的是
A．汽车的重力和地面对汽车的支持力是相互作用力
B．汽车受到两对平衡力的作用
C．汽车急刹车时不能立即停止，是由于速度大惯性大
D．太阳能汽车行驶时是将太阳能直接转化成机械能
18.如图分别是小明家上月初和月末的电能表的表盘，表盘上“1600imp/kw.h”表示每消耗1kw.h的电能，指示灯闪烁1600次，下列选项正确的是
A．指示灯闪烁越快。电能表所在电路消耗的电能越多
B．小明家上月消耗的电能为911kw.h
C．小明家干路中的电流不得超过10A
D．断开其他用电器，只让电饭锅单独工作2min，指示灯闪烁32次，此时电饭锅的功率为600W。
19.如图所示，学校有前后两个门和值班室。在前、后门各装一个按钮开关，学校值班室有
电池组、电铃和红、绿两盏灯。要求：前门来人按下开关时，红灯亮且电铃响；后门来人按
下开关时，绿灯亮且电铃响。以下电路设计符合要求的是
20.如图所示的电路，灯泡上标着“2.5V 0.25A”，电流表和电压表的量程分别为0~0.6A和0~3V
①断开S1和S3，闭合S2，将滑片移到阻值最大处时，滑动
变阻器接入电路的阻值为R2，R2消耗的功率为0.162W，电
压表和电流表的示数分别为U1和I1.
②断开S2，闭合S1和S3时，电压表和电流表的示数分别为
U2和I2.
③断开S3，闭合S1和S2，移动滑片，使滑动变阻器接入电
路的阻值为3R2/4时，电流表的示数I3=2I1
已知U1：U2=9：5I1：I2=3：5 ，假设灯泡的电阻和电源电压不变，则下列数据错误的是
A．R1=20Ω
B．在③中，为了保证电路安全，滑动变阻器阻值变化范围为4~20Ω
C．在③中，电路消耗的总功率为0.81W
D．电源电压为4.5V
第Ⅱ卷
二．非选择题
21．（3分）搬运砖头的独轮车，车厢和砖头所受的总重力G=1400N。
独轮车有关尺寸如图所示。该独轮车是一个 杠杆，动力
。为了更省力，工人师傅可以采取的措施是
（写一条即可）
22．（3分）甲、乙两地之间沿直线架设了两条输电线，输电
线的线芯用铜导线，是为了减少因电流的 效应而损失
的电能。已知每条输电线每千米的电阻为0.2Ω，现输电线在
某处发生了短路，为了确定短路的位置，检修员在甲地将电流
表接入如图所示的电路，电压表应接在（选填“AB”
或“CD”）两点之间：若电压表和电流表的示数分别为4V和
0.5A，则短路的位置距离甲地。
23．（3分）某同学用如图甲所示的实验装置，比较不同物质的比热容和探究水沸腾时温度变化的特点。将分别盛有相同质量的水和食用油的两个试管固定在铁架台上，
温度传感器的
探头与水和食用油良好接触，将温度传感器与计算机相连，计算机上显示的实验图线如图乙所示。
由图乙可知：水沸腾时吸热，温度 （选填“升高”、“不变”或“降低”）；加热2min 水吸收的热量、“等于”或“小于”）食用油吸收的热量；食用油的比热容为 J/(kg.℃)。
24．（4分）在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中
（1）如图所示，已知凸透镜的焦距f=15cm。保持光屏和凸透镜的位置不变，要使烛焰在光
屏上成清晰的像，蜡烛应 （选填“靠近”或“远离”）凸透镜，这是 （选填“照相机”、“投影仪”或“放大镜”）的原理
（2）某同学利用该装置进一步了解近视眼矫正的原理。将近视镜片放在蜡烛和凸透镜之间，光屏上原来清晰的像变模糊了；使光屏远离凸透镜，又能在光屏上看到清晰的像。这说明近视眼镜对光线具有作用。由此可知，在近视眼得到矫正之前，蜡烛的像成在视网膜的 （选填“前方”、“上方”或“后方”）
25．（6分）利用如图甲所示的电路探究电流跟电压的关系，电源电压6V不变。
（1）按图甲，在图乙中把接错的一根导线打上“×”，再画线把它改到正确的位置上。
（2）正确连接电路后，再闭合开关，移动滑片，发现电压表和电流表示数均为0；继续移动滑片，当两电表指针刚好偏转且稳定时，其示数见序号3.继续实验，数据见序号4和序号5.
①根据第5组数据，在图丙中用“↑”标出电流表指针所在的位置。
②由序号1、2两组数据可判断，该电路故障为（选填“R1接触不良”、“R2断路”或“R2短路”）
③序号3、4、5三组数据表明：在导体的 一定时，导体中的电流跟导体两端的电压成正比。
④根据表中的数据计算，滑动变阻器接入电路的最大阻值为 Ω，滑动变阻器的功率变化了W。
26．（5分）为了探究浮力大小跟哪些因素有关，某兴趣小组的同学，用同一物体进行了如图所示的操作，并记下物体静止时弹簧测力计的示数。图乙中物体未放入前溢水杯装满水，物体浸没后用量筒测出溢出水的体积，如图丁所示。
（1）为了探究浮力的大小与液体密度的关系，应选择
两图；该小组同学通过比较F1和 的大小，得到“浮力的大小与物体浸没的深度有关”的结论，产生错误的原因是。
（2）物体浸没在水中时所受浮力大小为 N，盐水的密度为 kg/m3
篇二：完整版2016湖北省武汉英语中考真题及答案
英语试卷
第一卷（选择题 共85分）
第一部分 听力部分
听力测试（共三节）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5个问题，每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题，每个问题仅读一遍。
()1. A. A nice plate.B. Delicious. C. For Kate.
()2. A. A black cat. B. Very heavy. C. It’s black.
()3. A. In the meeting room. B. At eight thirty.C. For about one hour.
()4. A. It’s a nice one. B. The smaller one. C. High in the sky.
()5. A. This afternoon. B. With Jenny. C. In the office.
第二节（共7小题，每小题1分，满分7分）
听下面7段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个问题，你都有时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个问题仅读一遍。
()6. Who sings well?
A. Mary. B. Kate.C. The classmates.
()7. How will the man probably go to the hotel?
A. On foot.B. By bus. C. By subway.
()8. What happened to the boy?
A. He was late for school.
B. He went to see a doctor.
C. His father left him alone home.
()9. Who thinks history is not as popular as art?
A. The man.B. The woman. C. Both of them.
()10. What’s the time now?
A. 10:15 B. 10:30 C. 10:45
()11. Where are the two people?
A. In the man’s office. B. In the woman’s home. C. In a restaurant.
()12. What does the woman mean?
A. She has just bought a new car.
B. She has no time to help the man.
C. She will drive the man to the station.
第三节（共13小题，每小题1分，满分13分）
听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答13至15三个小题。
()13. What’s David doing?
A. Shopping online. B. Playing computer games. C. Studying English.
()14. How much will the woman pay for the dictionary?
A. 60yuan B. 35yuan C. 25yuan
()15. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Buyer and seller. B. Mother and son. C. Teacher and students.
听下面一段对话，回答16至18三个小题。
()16. When does this conversation take place?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
()17. Why won’t the woman go to karaoke?
A. She doesn’t like it.
B. She can’t sing very well.
C. She doesn’t want to go out.
()18. What are they going to do at last?
A. Have dinner. B. Sing songs. C. Watch TV.
听下面一段对话，回答19至22三个小题.
()19. Who do you think the man is?
A. A stranger.B. A friend. C. A family member
()20. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes her hometown.
B. She knows little about Wuhan.
C. She’s never been away from Wuhan.
()21. Which of the following used to be the oldest?
A. The science museum. B. The city library.C. The park.
()22. What does the woman suggest doing?
A. Climbing the hills. B. Having a meal. C. Seeing more places.
听下面一段对话，回答23至25三个小题
()23. What happened while Mr Smith was reading?
A. A ball hit him on the head.
B. Some boys went to visit him.
C. Someone gave the ball back to him.
()24. Where was the ball finally found?
A. In the office.B. On the playground.C. Beside the window.
()25. What do you think Mr Smith most probably was?
A. A football player.B. A policeman.C. A teacher.
第二部分 笔试部分
二、选择填空（本题共15分，每小题1分）
()26. ---Would you like to play basketball with us this afternoon?
---
A. I don’t care B. It’s very nice of you
C. Of course not D. My pleasure
()27. ---Who is that Lady?
---She’ us music, and she is so good.
A. taughtB. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching
()28. ---So sorry, Tom. I can’t find the book you me.
---It’s OK, I don’t need it anymore.
A. lend B. have lent C. will lend D. lent
()29. ---I don’t feel well, Jack. I’m afraid you me your cold?
A. gave B. had givenC. have given D. would give
()30. ---What’s the matter, Jenny?
--- something wrong with my bike.
A. It isB. There is C. I have D. It has
()31. ---I had a pleasant winter vacation with my family in the north?
--- .
A. Oh, that’s very nice of you. B. Enjoy yourself
C. Well done!D. Glad to hear that
()32. ---I think students can have mobile phones to help with their studies.
--- . They often use them to play games.
A. I think so B. I don’t agree
C. No problem D. That’s a good idea
()33. ---There’ re four bedrooms in the house,with its own shower.
---That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids.
A. either B. neither C. eachD. none
()34. ---Come home before dinner time, Peter!
--- I , Mom.
A. promise B. guessC. wish D. admire
()35. ---Are you alone? I just want a word with you.
A. single B. new C. private D.certain
()36. ---Look, the boss is angry with Alex.
---Well, be came late again. But that’s no to shout at him.
A. problem B. lessonC. excuse D. reason
()37. ---Her father tried to that nothing unusual had happened .
---In fact, it was not serious.
A. imagine B. pretend C.mean D. warn
()38. ---Why did she your invitation?
---Because she had an important meeting to attend that day.
A. turn downB. put away C. look up D. hand in
()39. ---I still haven’t found my pet dog.
---I’m sorry to hear that. You be very sad.
A. canB. should C. must D. will
( )40. ---What did the teacher say to you?
---He asked me .
A. why I look unhappy then B. when did I go home last night
C. how could I solve the problem D. if i had got everything ready
三、完型填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入
空白处的最佳答案。
A jobless man wanted to apply(求职)for the position of “office boy” at Microsoft. The staff manager interviewed him and then gave him a : clean the floor. The man passed it; he cleaned the floor very well.
“you are hired（解雇），” the manager told the man “Give me your email address, and I’ll send you the form to you should report for the work.” The man replied, “I don’t have a or email! ”
“I’m sorry,” said the manager. “If you don’t have email, that means you do not exist（存在）”.And we cannot 45 persons who do not exist.”
The man was very . He didn’t know what to do. He only had 10 dollars with him. Once that was . He wouldn’t have any money to buy even food. He went to the
supermarket and bought a box of tomatoes with his 10 dollars. He went from door to door and the tomatoes in small bags. He doubled his money.
He this three times, and returned home with 60 dollars. He realized that he could continue to live this way. He started to go earlier every day, and return later. He doubled or made even three times his money every day. Soon, he a cart, then a truck. In a very short time, he had his many delivery(递送)trucks.
Five years later, the man became one of the biggest sellers in the country. He started to plan his family’s future. He called an insurance(保险)broker, a man sells insurance. At the end of the “I don’t have an email. ”
Hearing that, the broker felt very “You don’t have email, and yet have succeeded in becoming so Can you imagine what you could have been if you had email?” He said aloud. The man thought for a while, and replied, “an office at Microsoft!”
If you just lost your job or just failed an interview, don’t worry, think of the positive(积极的)...Good days are on the way and something better will happen to you.
()41. A. jobB. handC. chanceD. test
()42. A. check out B.put up C. fill in D. write down
()43. A. name B. date C. address D. ticket
()44. A. computer B. screen C. website D. letter
()45. A.believe B. pay C. acceptD. refuse
()46. A. pleasedB. excited C. embarrassed D. disappointed
()47. A.exchanged B. spentC. wastedD. lost
()48. A. dividedB. showed C. kept D. sold
()49. A. repeated B. remindedC. tried D. counted
()50. A. borrowed B. repaired C. received D. bought
()51. A. truck B. insurance C. food D. door
()52 A. introductionB. conversation C. business D. story
()53. A. worriedB. satisfied C. upsetD. surprised
()54. A. clever B. healthy C. rich D. confident
()55. A. boy B. secretary C. cleaner D. head
B
Andrew Holleman, a 12-year-old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was
wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.
It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red-tailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers. Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil would be covered with extra grounds.
When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.
Andrew wrote down clearly all the research be had down about the area, and how the houses would affect the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and
Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew’s teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door-to-door, to ask the people to sign, who did not want the houses to be built. It only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.
In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there. Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.
()61. The passage is mainly about .
A. 250 people who signed to help Andrew
B. A brave boy who cared for the environment
C. The open land that suited animals and plants
D. The research of improving the environment
()62. The underline word “oppose” in the passage probably means .
A. support. B. dislike C. disagree D. prefer
()63.Andrew was very worried because
A. The animals would be killedB. New houses would be built on the open land
C. Not all the neighbors were going to sign D. The local government made a right decision
( .
A. Was good at going door-to-door
B. Got in no touch with the reporters
C. Usually acted like a person much older
D. Was praised by his teachers and classmates
()65. We can inter that .
A. The land would remain as it used to be
B. The open land would be built into a park
C. The neighbors would have to move away
D. Andrew would soon work for the government
c
The National Football League is a professional American football league with 32 teams in. How does one choose which team to support? Some people choose the team of their hometown, or where they now live, or the team that their parents or their friends follow.
篇三：2016年武汉中考物理含答案
2016年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试物理试题
一．选择题（36分）
9.下列措施中，不能．．
减弱噪声的是 A．摩托车的消声器 B．居民区旁高架桥上的隔音挡板 C．学校附近安装噪声监测装置 D．工厂用的防噪声耳罩
10.关于热现象，下列说法正确的是
A．干冰给食品保鲜，利用了干冰熔化吸热
B．把酒精擦在手背上，手背感觉凉爽，是由于酒精汽化放热
C．一瓶水被冰箱冷冻后，取出放一会儿，表面会湿，是由于水蒸气液化 D．北方的冬天，为了保存蔬菜，在菜窖里放几桶水，利用了水凝华放热
11.关于光现象，下列说法错误．．
的是 A．影的形成，是光的直线传播
B．玻璃幕墙反射的光会“晃”着人们的眼睛，是由于光发生了漫反射
C．小芳面向穿衣镜站在镜前1m处，当她远离平面镜后退0.5m时，则镜中的像与她相距3m D．“海市蜃楼”的形成，是由于发生了折射
12.关于信息的传递与能源，下列说法正确的是 A．手机是利用电磁波传递信号 B．“北斗”导航系统是利用超声波进行定位和导航 C．目前核电站是利用核聚变发电
D．太阳能的利用具有广阔的前景，所以人类不再有能源危机
13.如图所示，GMR是巨磁电阻，它的阻值随电磁铁磁性的增强而减小。下列判断正确的是 A．开关S1闭合，滑片移到某一位置，电磁铁左端为N极 B．开关S2闭合，滑片向右移动，电磁铁磁性增强
C．开关S1和S2同时闭合，滑片向右移动，GMR的电阻变小 D．开关S1和S2同时闭合，滑片向左移动，指示灯变暗
14.如图是手摇发电机的构造示意图。摇动手柄，线圈在磁场中转动，小灯泡发光。下列实验中和手摇发电机工作原理相同的是
15.关于某中学生的估测，下列数据合理的是
A．身高约为160dm B。100m的短跑成绩约为6s
C．步行的速度约为1m/s D。脉搏正常跳动60次所用时间约为1s。
16.为了测量某金属块的密度，首先用天平测量金属块的质量，当天平平衡时，右盘中的砝码质量和游码的位置如图甲所示。然后用量筒和水测量金属块的体积如图乙所示。下列数据正确的是 A．金属块的质量为39.4g B．金属块的体积为5L
C．金属块的密度为7.8×103kg/m3 D．金属块的密度为7.88g/cm3
17.如图是太阳能汽车在平直公路上匀速行驶的情形，若不计空气对汽车的影响，则下列说法正确的是 A．汽车的重力和地面对汽车的支持力是相互作用力 B．汽车受到两对平衡力的作用
C．汽车急刹车时不能立即停止，是由于速度大惯性大 D．太阳能汽车行驶时是将太阳能直接转化成机械能
18.如图分别是小明家上月初和月末的电能表的表盘，表盘上“1600imp/kw.h”表示每消耗1kw.h的电能，指示灯闪烁1600次，下列选项正确的是
A．指示灯闪烁越快。电能表所在电路消耗的电能越多 B．小明家上月消耗的电能为911kw.h C．小明家干路中的电流不得超过10A
D．断开其他用电器，只让电饭锅单独工作2min，指示灯闪烁32次，此时电饭锅的功率为600W。
19.如图所示，学校有前后两个门和值班室。在前、后门各装一个按钮开关，学校值班室有电池组、电铃和红、绿两盏灯。要求：前门来人按下开关时，红灯亮且电铃响；后门来人按下开关时，绿灯亮且电铃响。以下电路设计符合要求的是
20.如图所示的电路，灯泡上标着“2.5V 0.25A”，电流表和电压表的量程分别为0~0.6A和0~3V
①断开S1和S3，闭合S2，将滑片移到阻值最大处时，滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值为R2，R2消耗的功率为0.162W，电压表和电流表的示数分别为U1和I1.
②断开S2，闭合S1和S3时，电压表和电流表的示数分别为U2和I2.
③断开S3，闭合S1和S2，移动滑片，使滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值为3R2/4时，电流表的示数I3=2I1 已知U1：U2=9:5I1：I2=3:5 ，假设灯泡的电阻和电源电压不变，则下列数据错误的是 A．R1=20Ω
B．在③中，为了保证电路安全，滑动变阻器阻值变化范围为4~20Ω C．在③中，电路消耗的总功率为0.81W D．电源电压为4.5V
二．非选择题
21.（3分）搬运砖头的独轮车，车厢和砖头所受的总重力G=1400N。独轮车有关尺寸如图所示。该独轮车是一个 杠杆，动力F= 。为了更省力，工人师傅可以采取的措施是（写一条即可）
第21题图 第22题图 第23题图
22. （3分）甲、乙两地之间沿直线架设了两条输电线，输电线的线芯用铜导线，是为了减少因电流的效
应而损失的电能。已知每条输电线每千米的电阻为0.2Ω，现输电线在某处发生了短路，为了确定短路的位置，检
修员在甲地将电流表接入如图所示的电路，电压表应接在（选填“AB”或“CD”）两点之间：若电压表
和电流表的示数分别为4V和0.5A，则短路的位置距离甲地 km。
23. （3分）某同学用如图甲所示的实验装置，比较不同物质的比热容和探究水沸腾时温度变化的特点。将分别盛
有相同质量的水和食用油的两个试管固定在铁架台上，温度传感器的探头与水和食用油良好接触，将温度传感器与
计算机相连，计算机上显示的实验图线如图乙所示。
由图乙可知：水沸腾时吸热，温度 （选填“升高”、“不变”或“降低”）；加热2min 水吸收的热量 （选填“大于”、“等于”或“小于”）食用油吸收的热量；食用油的比热容为 J/(kg.℃)。
24. （4分）在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中
（1）如图所示，已知凸透镜的焦距f=15cm。保持光屏和凸透
镜的位置不变，要使烛焰在光屏上成清晰的像，蜡烛应
（选填“靠近”或“远离”）凸透镜，这是 （选填“照
相机”、“投影仪”或“放大镜”）的原理
（2）某同学利用该装置进一步了解近视眼矫正的原理。将近视
镜片放在蜡烛和凸透镜之间，光屏上原来清晰的像变模糊了；使光屏远离凸透镜，又能在光屏上看到清晰的像。这
说明近视眼镜对光线具有作用。由此可知，在近视眼得到矫正之前，蜡烛的像成在视网膜的 （选填“前方”、“上方”或“后方”）
25. （6分）利用如图甲所示的电路探究电流跟电压的关系，电源电压6V不变
（1）按图甲，在图乙中把接错的一根导线打上“×”，再画线把它改到正确的位置上
（2）正确连接电路后，再闭合开关，移动滑片，发现电压表和电流表示数均为0；继续移动滑片，当两电表指针
①根据第5组数据，在图丙中用“↑”标出电流表指针所在的位置
②由序号1、2两组数据可判断，该电路故障为（选填“R1接触不良”、“R2断路”或“R2短路”） ③序号3、4、5三组数据表明：在导体的 一定时，导体中的电流跟导体两端的电压成正比。
④根据表中的数据计算，滑动变阻器接入电路的最大阻值为 Ω，滑动变阻器的功率变化了 W
26. （5分）为了探究浮力大小跟哪些因素有关，某兴趣小组的同学，用同一物体进行了如图所示的操作，并记下
物体静止时弹簧测力计的示数。图乙中物体未放入前溢水杯装满水，物体浸没后用量筒测出溢出水的体积，如图丁
所示。
（1）为了探究浮力的大小与液体密度的关系，应选择 两图；该小组同学通过比较F1和 的大小，
得到“浮力的大小与物体浸没的深度有关”的结论，产生错误的原因是
。
（2）物体浸没在水中时所受浮力大小为 N，盐水的密度为 kg/m3
27. （10分）如图甲是中国自主研制的首列永磁动力单轨列车。其亮点是列车可以小角度转弯，安装有高压细水雾
灭火系统和制动发电装置。（
1 ）当列车转弯时，水平轮胎发生形变，起到导向和稳定作用，如图乙是轮胎与接触面的平面图，请在图乙中画
出轮胎对接触面压力的示意图。
（2）当高压细水雾系统中水枪工作时，水对喷孔的压强P=10Mpa，水雾喷出的速度υ≥10m/s，若喷孔的总面积
S=5×10-5m2，则水枪的功率至少为多少瓦？（不计大气压强）
（3）列车制动减速的过程中，机械能转化为电能和内能。当列车在平直轨道上制动减速时，电能W1与内能W2
之比为9:16，如图丙是机械能的变化量△W与速度变化量△υ的关系图像，若列车从72km/h开始减速，转化的电
能可供总功率为1000W的照明灯正常发光1h，则列车的速度会减小到多少千米/时？
答案
21.省力420N 手向后移动（砖往前移动） 22.热AB20
23.不变等于 2.1×103
24.（1）远离 照相机 （2）发散 前方 25. （1）如图
（2）①如图 ②R1接触不良
（3）电阻
（4）50 0.4
26. （1）甲、丙 F2 物体接触容器底部，受到支持力（2）0.5 1.2×103 27.
解：
（1）如图 （2）（2）F=PS=10×106pa×5×10-5m2=500NP=Fυ=500N×10m/s =5000W
（3）W电=Pt=1000W×1×3600s=3.6×106J
W内=16W电/9 = 16×3.6×106J/9 =6.4×106J
△W= W电 + W内 =3.6×106J +6.4×106J =107J =100×105J有图像知△υ=10m/s=36km/h
所以υ=υ0 - △υ = 72km/h -36km/h= 36km/h
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