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谈谈历史安阳

来源网站:百味书屋 2016-10-18 09:45:00
经典文章

篇一:安阳历史讲解稿

也聊我们的家乡安阳

一、安阳的古都史

“洹水安阳名不虚,三千年前是帝都。中原文化殷创始,观此胜于读古书。”这是著名历史学家郭沫若先生对古都安阳的由衷赞誉。

安阳是我国既有文字可据,又经考古证实最早的古都殷墟的所在地。早在3000多年以前,商王盘庚迁都于此,传8代12王,历时254年。(约公元前1330年 商王盘庚自奄(今山东曲阜)迁都北蒙(今安阳小屯村一带),史称殷商。) 到公元前1046年。周武王灭商后,将殷都之地分封给纣王之子武庚,以续殷祀。同时,把商的王畿分为邶、卫、庸三个封区,分别由武王弟管叔、蔡叔、霍叔统治,以监视武庚,谓之三监。武庚叛乱后,周公将殷人强制迁徙到洛水北岸,兴建了一座成周城,殷地从此成为废墟。和兴建成周城的同时,周大封诸侯,全面建立新的统治秩序。卫是周武王之弟康叔的封国,整个西周时代,殷都旧地属卫国。

公元前7世纪春秋齐桓公时,在今安阳北20公里处建邺城。后晋国打败了卫国,占有了殷都旧地,称之为义阳,亦称东阳。战国时代,韩赵魏三家分晋后,这里始归魏所有,公元前439年,魏文侯封邺,把邺城当作魏国的陪都,西门豹、史起先后治邺。后又属赵国,称宁新中或新中。公元前257年(秦昭襄王五十年),秦将王龁(hé)攻克宁新中,改名“安阳”,从此,安阳之名见于史册。后秦军围攻邯郸,

魏国信陵君窃符救赵。公元前246年(秦始皇十一年),命大将王翦等攻克安阳后,开始修筑城墙。秦统一六国后,分天下为36 郡。安阳分属上党、邯郸二郡。公元前207年(秦二世三年),群雄并起,楚王项羽与秦将章邯在“洹水南,殷墟上”结盟,史称“洹上之盟”。

东汉末年直到两晋、南北朝时期,以邺城为中心的安阳先后成为曹魏、后赵、冉魏、前燕、东魏、北齐6个王朝的都城,达126年,造就了安阳历史上的又一次辉煌。左思《三都赋》以魏邺、吴建业、蜀城都三都并举,足证其时人们心目中,三国鼎立初的曹魏政府中枢实在邺都 。(左思(约250~305),字太冲,齐国临淄(今山东淄博)人。西晋著名文学家,其《三都赋》颇被当时称颂,造成“洛阳纸贵”。)

自580年杨坚焚毁邺城后,千年邺都才成为一片废墟。并将邺民全部迁至邺南之安阳城。安阳遂称相州,

隋唐以后,安阳崛起,经宋、元、明、清为相州、彰德路、彰德府治所,今邺都废址所在临漳县,历来为其属县。至本世纪50年代初废平原省,安阳、临漳才划属两省。就历史情况而言,安阳(殷)与邺虽相距20公里,然两者皆处于漳洹冲积扇,曾有过密不可分的隶属关系,如同关中平原的丰、镐、咸阳、长安一样,是一脉相承发展下来的。安阳的历史,就应该包括殷都和邺都的历史。论建都开始的时间,安阳远比西安早200多年;论建都历时久暂,自殷算起,包括六朝时代的邺,合计370年,比开封、杭州要长得多。著名历史地理学家谭其骧教授1982年就提出,安阳应与西

安、洛阳、北京、开封、南京、杭州并列为我国历史上的七大古都。1988年,中国古都协会将安阳列入中国七大古都。(七朝28王)

朝代 名 称 都城位臵 建都时间

商 殷 殷墟 前1300年-前1046年

曹魏 邺邺城遗址213年-266年

后赵 邺邺城遗址335年-351年

冉魏 邺邺城遗址351年-352年

前燕 邺邺城遗址357年-370年

东魏 邺邺城遗址534年-550年

北齐 邺邺城遗址550年-577年

二、安阳的称谓演变

公元401年,北魏在邺城立相州,取河澶甲居相为名,是为相州名称之始,邺城属相州治理。公元580年,北周灭北齐,邺城被焚,邺民全部迁至安阳。安阳遂称相州,亦称邺郡。隋、唐、宋都沿用相州一名。

公元1192年(金代),升相州为彰德府。此为彰德府名称之始。明、清一直沿用,直到民国初年。1913年,废彰德府,臵安阳县。民国以后,在豫北设河南省第三行政区,治所安阳,下辖安阳、汤阴、临漳、内黄等11个县。

1949年臵平原省,安阳为省辖市,仍保留邺县。1952年平原省撤消,邺县、安阳县属河南省。1954年,安阳县、邺县合并为安阳县,属安阳地区。

1983年9月1日,国务院的国函字[1983]176号文件《国务院关于河南省地市合并实行市管县体制的批复》,第二条,撤销安阳地区行政公署,将安阳、浚县、淇县、林县、汤阴五县划归安阳市管理。第三条,撤销濮阳县,设立濮阳市,由其直接领导,并将安阳地区的内黄、滑县、清丰、南乐、长垣、范县、台前七县划归濮阳市管辖。

古时以水北山南为阳,以其在淇水之北,故名安阳。

三、安阳成为殷都的因素

1 殷都安阳兴起和发展的自然环境

在古都形成的诸地理因素中, 自然环境颇为重要。尤其应值得注意的是地理位臵、地势、山川、土壤、气候等。

1.1 地理位臵

《吕氏春秋〃慎势》说: “古之王者, 择天下之中而立国”。上古时代选择都城注重探求国土的中心点。史念海先生说: “都城的最早的作用是王朝或政权以之来统治或控制全国的疆土。达到了这样的目的, 王朝或政权才能长治久安。远古时期有些人设想, 为了能够更好的统治或控制, 都

城所在地以居全国疆土的中央为宜”。安阳一带在古人心目中是被视为天下之中的。《史记〃货殖列传》中说: “昔唐人都河东, 殷人都河内, 周人都河南。夫三河在天下之中, 若鼎足, 王者所更居也”。在汉代人看来, 殷人的都城河内一带显然是居天下之中的。从探求国土的中心点这一基本原则看, 商王在此建都, 应该是较为理想的。

1.2 地势

今天的安阳西接太行山脉, 南北两侧是海拔200m 左右的丘陵, 东部与华北平原相接。商代安阳地区的地貌环境与现在相比有较大的差别。就地势而言, 西北高东南低的特征更为显著。安阳一带的地理形势非常适宜古代人类居住和生活, 是统治者立国定都的理想场所。上古时期相当长的历史时期里, 北方黄河流域的气候比现在温暖湿润。先秦文献中多有大规模洪水泛滥的记载。面对频频发生的水患, 人们为避洪水灾害, 多选择地势较高的丘地营建聚落。钱穆先生曾论及: “盖古人其先皆居丘, 故所居地亦以丘为名”[4]。考古学资料表明, 新石器时代安阳一带的聚落遗址多分布在岗丘地带。如汤阴白营龙山时代遗址“由于居住的堆积, 遗址的中心地区逐渐形成一个老远就能看见的高台地, 高出周围地表约3m”[5]。与其类似的还有安阳后岗遗址等[6]。这种聚落遗址的分布显然与上古时期安阳一带的地理形势有密切的关系。

1.3 山川

古代立国定都, 大凡遵循“非于大山之下, 必于广川之

篇二:安阳历史

开篇

Foreword

洹水安阳名不虚,三千年前是帝都。

Anyang, located near the Huanshui River, is really worthy of its reputation for being an imperial capital 3,000 years ago.

安阳——是中国八大古都之一,国家历史文化名城、中国优秀旅游城市。安阳是五经之首——《周易》的发祥地,是中国最早的文字——甲骨文的发现地,是国家博物馆镇馆之宝——司母戊鼎的出土地,是华夏人祖之根——颛顼帝喾的繁衍地。安阳还有世界文化遗产——殷墟,有被国际友人誉为“世界第八大奇迹”的人工天河——红旗渠,有世界唯一一座以文字为主题的国家级博物馆——中国文字博物馆,以及轰动海内外的考古发现——曹操高陵,中国“庞贝古城”——三杨庄汉代遗址。悠久的历史、灿烂的文化和秀美的山水,构成了一幅磅礴恢弘的美丽画卷。

Anyang is one of the eight ancient capitals of China; a national famous historical & cultural city; as well as an excellent tourist city of China. Anyang is the cradle of Chouyi, which ranks top of the five classic works of China; the hometown of oracle-bone inscriptions---the earliest writing of China; the place where uncovered Simuwu square cauldron---one of the masterpieces of the National Museum of China; Anyang has Yinxu---a world cultural heritage; Red Flag Canal---the man-made Milky Way, which is appraised as “the 8th Miracle in the World”; National Museum of Chinese Writing, the only writing-themed national museum in the world; Cao Cao Mausoleum,

(一)古韵悠长

Ⅰ Time-Honoured History

1.二帝圣陵

1. Mausoleums of Emperors Zhuan Xu and Di Ku

大约4000多年前,上古时代“三皇五帝”中的颛顼、帝喾二位帝王在安阳境内建都,分别在位70多年,是中华民族先民们所崇拜的君王。如今安阳市内黄县就有二帝陵遗址。颛顼创制了九州,确定了兖、冀、青、徐、豫、荆、扬、雍、梁九州的名称和分辖区域,中国首次有了自己的版图和行政区划。至此,华夏泱泱大国雏形初现,“日月所照,莫不砥属”。 此外,颛顼、帝喾加强君权,控制神权,建立人、神分治的官制;伐共工,拓疆土,平水害,利于民;缔造《颛顼历》以指导农事,促进了国家富强,社会发展,为尧舜时期的新发展奠定了基础。

The two emperors of Zhuan Xu and Di Ku, who were among the “Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns” in prehistorical times, both set their capitals in Anyang about 4,000 years ago. They each reigned for more than 70 years, and were worshipped by the ancient Chinese people. Their mausoleums are now located in Nei Huang County, Anyang City. Zhuan Xu instituted 9 states of Yan, Ji, Qing, Xu, Yu, Jing, Yang, Yong, Liang, and defined each district. That was the first time of all for China having its own territory and administrative districts. Moreover, Zhuan Xu and Di Ku strengthened sovereignty, held

theocracy and built the separate official systems of people and gods. They defeated Gong Gong, expanded the territory, addressed the flood issue and brought benefit to the people. They created the Calendar of Zhuan Xu to guide agricultural affairs, thus promoted national prosperity and social developmet, laying a foundation for new progress in the period of Yao and Shun.

2.帝都殷墟

2、Yinxu--- Imperial Capital

殷墟,位于中国历史文化名城——安阳市的西北郊,横跨洹河南北两岸。古称“北蒙”,甲骨文卜辞中又称为“大邑商”、“邑商”,是中国商代晚期的都城,也是中国历史上第一个有文献可考、并为甲骨文和考古发掘所证实的古代都城遗址,距今已有3300年的历史。

Yinxu is located in the northwest of Anyang---a famous historical & cultural city of China, lays astride the north and south banks of Huan River. It was called “North Meng” anciently, as well as “Grand Yishang” and “Yishang” in oracle-bone inscriptions. Yinxu was the capital city in late Shang Dynasty, which was 3,300 years ago. It was the first relic of ancient capital in China that was recorded in documents and has been proved by oracle-bone inscriptions and archaeological excavation.

1899年甲骨文发现和1928年殷墟科学发掘以来,殷墟以其甲骨文、青铜器、大规模都城遗址,标志着中国古代高度繁荣发达的文明,奠定了殷墟作为中国古代第一个有文字可考的古代都城地位。

Since the discovery of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions in 1899 and the scientific excavation of Yinxu in 1928, Yinxu, with the Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Bronzes, and large-scale capital sites, has been an icon, demonstrating the height of flourishing civilization in ancient China. And Yinxu thereafter began to enjoy the repuation of the first ancient capital in Chinese history, as proved by writing records.

3.漳邺史迹

3. Zhangye Historical Site

漳河古称漳水,殷墟出土的甲骨文中,多有商王来此举行大型祭祀的记载,这说明漳水和洹水、汤水一样都是商王朝的母亲河,而漳水这位“母亲”给我们留下了众多历史文化遗迹。 In ancient times, Zhanghe River was named Zhangshui River. According to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu, there were many large-scale rituals held by Shang Kings, which showed that Zhangshui River, as Huanshui River and Shangshui River, were the mother river of Shang Dynasty. The "mother" of Zhangshui River left us many historical relics and cultural remains.

渔洋村浓缩了安阳6000年的历史,各个历史时期文化的发展和演变,在这里都有实物和印证,被外界称之为中国最古老的村庄。

In Yuyang Village, the oldest village in China as dubbed by some people, 6,000 years of the Anyang’s history was concentrated in this small place. The development and evolution of cultures in different historical periods can find their evidences here.

曹操兴建邺都,采用中轴对称封闭式布局,分区明显,为我国都城建设史上划时代的转折,是中国都城发展史上的一个里程碑。同时,在他及倡导下,形成了以明朗清新、质朴刚健为风格特征的建安文学,留下了众多光辉篇章。

The ancient capital of Ye City was built by Cao Cao. With its strucure of closed axial symmetry and distinctive districts, it is a turning point and milestone in our construction of capital cities. Meanwhile, with support and leading of Cao Cao, the Jian'an Literature formed a bright, fresh, simple and forceful style and left many brilliant poets and writings.

4.精忠岳庙

4. Yue Fei Temple of Absolute Devotion

岳飞(1103年—1142年)字鹏举 ,相州汤阴人(今河南安阳汤阴县),民族英雄、军事家、抗金名将。其事母至孝,家贫力学,其母在他背上刺“精忠报国”四字,岳飞以此为一生处事的准则。

Yue Fei(1103 AD-1142 AD), styled Pengju, was born in Tangyin (current Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province). He is a national hero, military strategist, and a famous general resisting the invasion of the Jin. Yue Fei had a poor yet learning-oriented family and a mother of outstanding filial piety. His mother stabbed four words " loyalty to your country " on his back, that was the criterion throughout Yue Fei’s life.

公元1129年,金兀术渡江南进,攻陷建康,岳飞坚持抵抗,于次年收复建康,大破金兵“拐子兵”于郾城,收复郑州、洛阳等地,两河(淮河、黄河)义军纷起响应,复欲进军朱仙镇,惜宰相秦桧力主和,乃一日降十二金字牌,召还,诬以“莫须有”的罪名而死于狱。

In 1129 AD, Jin Wushu crossed the Yangtse River to the South, and then captured Jiankang city. Yue Fei insisted on resistance, and recovered Jiankang city the following year. He broken "Guai Zi Soldiers" of the Jin troops in Yan city, and recovered Zhengzhou, Luoyang etc. Insurgents in the Two Rivers Region (Huaihe River and the Yellow River) echoed Yue Fei's action and prepared to attack Zhu Xianzhen.But Qin Hui,the Prime of the Southern Song Dyansty was advocating reconciliation, and sent twelve golden medals in one day to recall Yue Fei’s army. Yue Fei then was framed by Qin Hui with a pretexted charge and died in prison.

为纪念这位“精忠报国”的英雄,后人在其故里修建了气势恢宏的岳飞庙,前来朝拜者络绎不绝。

To commemorate the this national hero with "loyalty to your country", the later people built a magnificent Yue Fei Temple in his hometown, seeing a continuous stream of pilgrims year after year.

(二)意深文幽

Ⅱ Rich Culture

1.殷商文化

1. The Culture of Yin Shang

自盘庚迁都至殷,历经8代12王,在五百五十多年的统治大业中,这里成为政治、经济和文化中心。殷商文化孕育而生,中华文明由此发端。

Since Pangeng----the King of Shang Dynasty----moved his capital to Yin, which is called Xiaotun in Anyang now, Shang dynasty lasted for eight dynasties with 12 kings in total. In its control of 550 years long, Yin became the center of politics 、economy and culture. Anyang is one of the cradles of Chinese culture.

殷商文化是一个灿烂的文明,具有都市、文字和青铜器三个要素。其以独具风格、规模巨大、规划严饬的宫殿建筑和商王陵墓体现出恢弘的都城气派而卓绝一时;以制作精美、纹饰细腻、应用广泛的青铜器而闻名中外;以青铜冶铸、玉器制作、制骨、陶器烧造等高度发达的手工业而享誉世界;以造字方法成熟、表现内容丰富、传承有序的甲骨文而在世界文明史上独领风骚。

The culture of Yin Shang is a splendid civilization with city、characters and bronze ware. The massive and neat building of palace and ancestral temple were outsanding in the world in that times; the exquisite bronze ware is famous in china and foreign countries with a variety of applications; the well-developed handcraft of bronze, jadeware bone and pottery is world-renowned; the oracle-bone inscriptions, with rich content and well-developed methods of coinage,enjoy a unique significance in the word civilization.2.易文化

2. The I-Ching Culure

《周易》周文王著。周文王被商纣王囚禁在羑里(河南安阳汤阴一个县城羑里城位于汤阴县北2公里处)。文王“拘而演周易”,周易就这样诞生了。《周易》是一部古老而又灿烂的文化瑰宝,古人用它来预测未来、决策国家大事、反映当前现象,上测天,下测地,中测人事。 The Book of Changes was written by the King Wen of the Western Zhou . The King Wen of the Western Zhou was imprisoned by the King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty in Youli where was in Tangyin of Henan Anyang now. Accroding to classics, King Wen “wrote Chouyi during his imprisonment”. People at that time used it to predict the future.

《周易》研究的对象是天、地、人三才,而以人为根本。易道讲究阴阳互应、刚柔相济,提倡自强不息、厚德载物。“天人合一”,“内圣外王”,“内外兼修”……因易而奠定了中国传统文化的结构,使上下五千年的文明一脉相传。历经数千年之沧桑,《周易》已成为中华文化之根。

The Book of Changes research the heaven, land and people, with people as its root. The Book of Changes promote “constantly striving to become stronger and regarding people and matters with generous virtue”, “Unity of Man and Nature” and “Sageliness within and Kingliness without”……The Book of Changes lays the foundation of Chinese traditonal culture, and is the root of Chinese culture.

3.北朝文化

3. The Culture of Nouthern Dynasty

魏晋南北朝时期,各地庙宇石窟星罗棋布,崇佛成风。佛教文化逐渐发展成为支撑中国传统文化之鼎的主要支柱之一。兴建、开凿于该时期的安阳小南海北齐石窟、灵泉寺、万佛沟、修定寺塔,以其丰富的内容,精湛的雕工充分反映了当时佛教文化兴盛繁荣,对中国石窟艺术、书画艺术的发展起到了积极的促进作用,为后世研究佛教文化发展史及石刻书法艺术提供了重要的实物资料。

In the Wei-jin Northern and southern Dynasties,there were lots of temples and grottoes being builded, and the Buddhist culture became one of the main pillars of Chinese traditional culture. The Xiaonanhai Grotto of Northern Qi Dynasty, the Lingquan Temple, the Xiuding Temple Pagoda and the Wanfo Valley, were all builded in that time. All of the buildings reflect the prosperous of Buddhist culture, promote the development of the grotto art and painting and calligraghy art, and provide the material objects for the research of development of Buddhist culture and stone carving calligraphy art.

安阳英语吧有完整版,字数有限不能全部上传请见谅

篇三:安阳历史文化展馆观后感

毛概

安阳历史文化展馆观后感

如果你想了解一城一街的历史,那么你该做的便是,亲身走走那座城,或者走走还不够,你还可以和当地的人交流交流,并且做好笔记。你还可以吃吃哪儿的美食,毕竟“民与食为天”嘛,你也能感受得出哪儿的文化。想了解一城一街的文化,那还可以到当地的历史文化展馆走走。那么,你想了解安阳的文化,那就来安阳历史文化展馆看看吧。现在,我也来说说我的感受吧。

那么,安阳历史文化展馆在哪里呢?安阳历史文化展馆位于我们安阳工学院图书馆的五楼西边。现在来介绍一下展馆的组成部分,安阳文化展馆共八个展厅,分别为殷商文明、周易文化、民族英雄、人工天河、传统建筑、历史名人、民俗文化和师生作品展。还有一些民间小吃、手工艺制品等,都展现了安阳的地方特色。

我们参观展馆的时候,讲解员带领我们依次参观了殷商文明馆、周易文化馆、民族英雄馆、人工天河馆、传统建筑馆、历史名人馆、民俗文化馆。每一馆都进行了相应的介绍。

下面我依次道来,殷商文明馆介绍了一些殷商的历史,这大概是安阳的开始,也是古都由来。周易文化馆介绍了周易的由来和发展,周易八卦等。历史名人馆介绍了岳飞等。传统建筑馆介绍了文峰塔、马氏庄园等有名的建筑物或者建筑群。人工天河馆介绍了红旗渠,可以说来安阳,如果你不去一趟,恐怕是白白来了一趟安阳,到红旗渠感受一下红旗渠精神,看看中国人民是如何克服大自然的压迫,而过上幸福的日子。时间在走,但现实的红旗渠展现的民族精神依然存留在人民心中。此外,我们还见到了我校的师生作品展,看到了学校的发展,越来越好,教学质量逐渐的提高了。

此次参观了安阳历史文化展馆,可以说是一次很好的文化学习和熏陶,再次审视了安阳,感受其深厚的文化。再一次真正的了解了安阳,感受古都的内在美。我们还可以把安阳的厚重文化潜移默化地带到日常学习,更好地传承安阳文化,使自己树立了正确的世界观、价值观和人生观。

我觉得更重要的是,把红旗渠精神贯彻落实到自己的大脑,学会一种优秀的精神,是非常重要的,对我们现在的生活,学习尤为关键,一种优秀的精神引导着我们,我们才能成为有用的人。对我们以后的工作,也起到了导向作用,才能爱工作,爱事业。

来源:网络整理 免责声明:本文仅限学习分享,如产生版权问题,请联系我们及时删除。

谈谈历史安阳》出自:百味书屋
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