初二英语下册知识点(人教版)
篇一：八年级下册英语知识点总结【人教版】
八年级英语第一单元知识点归纳
1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物
2. go up 上升 ， 与rise 同义，与go down 或set 相反
3. make a noise 发出声响，吵闹
4. arrive in 到达，表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时，用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时，用介词at ；到达的地方用副词表示时，可不用介词。
5. not…until…直到……才……
6. see…doing…停止做某事
7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。
8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”，表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。
9. turn around 转身
10. fall off 摔下来
11. give sb. a push 推某人一下
12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
13. get off 从……下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。
14. think about 思考、想起、想到（某人或某事）
15. all day 一整天
16. one by one 一个接一个地，类似有year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。
17. hold on 有两个意思，一个是“（电话）不挂断”；一个是“抓紧”。
18. come down 下来
八年级英语第二单元知识点归纳
1. grow into 长成……
2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物
3. billions of 数十亿的，hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体数字时，其本身用单数形式，直接修饰名词；表示一个笼统的概念时，这些词用复数形式，而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。
4. look after = take care of 照顾，照料。
5. be full of 满，充满=be filled with
6. be made of/from由……制成，be made of 表示在制成的过程中，原材料没有发生质的变化；be made from 表示在制成的过程中，原材料发生质的变化。be made by 被（某人）制造；be made in 在（某地）制造
7. carry away 把……搬（移）走
8. on the tree 在树上，指的是树上本身的东西，即长在树上；in the tree 也表示在树上，但它所指的是外来的东西，不是树本身的东西。
9. make …into 把……制成……
10. half of ……中的一半，当它所指代的是不可数名词时，代表单数，如果half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数，那么它所代表的也是复数概念。
11. look like 看起来像
12. use … to do sth.用……来做……，其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。
13. put … outside /on /into…把……放在……的外边/上面/里面
14. turn into 变成；turn…into… 把……变成……
八年级英语第三单元知识点归纳
1. play with与……一起玩；拿……来玩
2. slow down 慢下来
3. come from = be from 来自
4. all kinds of 各种各样的 ； different kinds of 不同种类的； a kind of 一种
5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保护、保卫某人/某事物不受……的侵害。
6. go extinct 灭绝
7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（在主动语态中from可以省略，在被动语态中from不可以省略）
8. make friends with 与……交朋友
9. take photos of …给某人照相
10. wake up 醒来
11. have a good day 玩的愉快
12. play a joke on …开某人的玩笑，戏弄某人；have a joke with sb. 与某人一起以某事取笑；make a joke about/of sb./sth. 拿某人（某事）开玩笑
13. stand still 一动不动地站着
14. get out of 除外走动；get out of sth./doing sth.逃避（责任或义务），不做份内的事，（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）
15. be famous / well-known for 以……著名，以……闻名； be famous as 著名的……
16. get married 结婚
二、词语辨析
1. through ,across穿过
through 指“从里面（中心）穿过”，其含义与in有关，尤指森林、人群等。
across 指“从表面通过”，其含义与on有关
2. nearly , almost 几乎，差不多
almost 表达的程度比nearly更接近一些。
nearly不能用于修饰否定词，但可被not修饰。
3. above , over 在……上方
above 是介词，表“在……上方”，“比……还高”，与below相反。
over 也有“在……上方”的意思，但是它着重指正上方，或盖在上面的意思，而above 并不强调在正
八年级英语第四单元知识点归纳
1. look into 研究，调查
2. do an experiment 做一个试验
3. fill/cover with用……把……装满/盖住；fill in 填上
4. upside down 向下翻转过来
5. right side up 正面朝上
6. turn over 使……翻转
7. in front of 在……前面（在范围外）；in the front of 在……前面（在范围内）
8. on top of 在顶端
9. take sth. off sth. 使某物离开或脱离（一表面或边缘）；take off （指飞机等）起飞，匆忙离去；take sth. off （从身上）除掉、脱下（衣物等）
10. be ready for 准备
11. take away 取走
12. be surprised 使惊奇
13. a spoonful of 一匙
14. dissolve in 溶化，溶解
15. half full of …一半
16. use up 用光，用完
17. enough to do sth. 足够……做某事
二、辨析
1. find , look for , hunt 找
find 强调找的结果，意为“找到”
look for 强调动作过程，“寻找”
hunt, hunt for sb. sth. 意思寻找，寻找某人某物，与look for 同义。
八年级英语第五单元知识点归纳
1. go to...on foot=walk to...：步行去...
2. Of course.=Sure.=Certainly：当然！
3. take a ship：坐轮船
4. a new type of ：一种新型的...
5. high-speed trains：高速列车
6. in large numbers：大量的
7. had better+动词原形：最好...否定：had better not+动原
8. in a hurry：匆忙
9. make presentation：发言；演讲
10. glue sth onto...：把某物粘到...上
11. at the front of：在...前面（强调平面空间）in the front of强调立体空间。
12. get+形容词=be+形容词：变得...
13. in the future：在将来
14. send sb from one place to another place：把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方
15. learn about：学习关于...think about：思考；考虑
16. present sth to：向...展示某物 八年级英语第六单元知识点归纳
1. connect to：连接到...
2. hear from sb：收到某人的来信
3. in small groups：在小群体中
4. in a short time：在短时间内
5. thousands of：数以千计的 hundreds of：数以百计的
6. answer the phone：接电话
7. right now=at once：立刻；马上；现在
8. take a message for sb：给某人留口信
9. wait a moment：等一下
10. chat on the Internet：网上聊天
11. millions of：成千上万的
12. get/buy sth for sb：为某人买某物
13. fail to do sth：做某事失败
14. feel like doing sth=want to do sth：想要做某事
八年级英语第七单元知识点归纳
1.be abroad：在国外 go abroad：出国
2.pen pal：笔友
3.travel around the world：环游世界
4.four main oceans：四大洋
5.give a report：作报告
6.at the end=finally：最后
7.keep doing sth：一直做某事
8.look up：查找 八年级英语第八单元知识点归纳
1. pick up：捡起
2. clean up：清理
3. finish doing sth：做完某事
4. throw away：扔掉；乱丢
5. reusable bags：可重复使用的袋子
6. give prizes：颁奖
7. leaking toilet：卫生间渗漏
8. make into：制作成
9. worry about：担心
10. try not to do：试着不要做
11. make the most pollution：造成最大的污染
12. make less pollution：减少污染
13. the next day：第二天
14. take a walk：散步
15. sort into：分类成
16. make out of：用...制造
篇二：2014最新人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、 询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。
?某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye．．我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble．她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger．她割破手指了。
二 情态动词should的用法
1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。
2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做??好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth ?为什么不??呢？
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做??吧。Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要一个人去那儿。
Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks
动词不定式
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：
It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare?常接动词不定式作宾语。
C. 作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Could you please...?句型
（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。
Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗？
（2）对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。 一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
（3）表示请求的句式：
Would you like to do...?Would you mind doing...?Let’s do....Shall I/we do...?
Please do...(祈使句前加please)
提示：could you please...与could I Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：
Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗？
Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈， 我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?
1.提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.?（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“?怎么样？”
You’d better (not) do something.“你最好（不）做某事”
Would you like sth ??:“你想要某物Let?s do sth??
What should I do ?? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)
2.学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you?提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式： Why don?t you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢？ 来表示请求、征询对方意见
３．until, so that ,although引导的状语从句：
1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到??时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到??才??”, “在??以前不??”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.
2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future
3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？
过去进行时
1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。
2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
3. 句式
肯定式：
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.
否定式:
I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They/ were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:
Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：
1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。
2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
4.过去进行时中的when和while
when, while 区别：
1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。
When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：
They were singing while we were dancing.
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
1. unless引导条件状语从句
unless = if ? not ―除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 ―??就
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so.......that引导结果状语从句
句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级
（一）原级句型：
1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样?eg: He is as tall as me.
2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B?eg:He is not as tall as me.
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
（二）比较级句型
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，?的多a little，a bit，?一点儿 even甚至，still仍然
Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 eg: He is fatter than me.
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”
eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越??”。
eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越?
eg: English is more and more important.
4. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越??，越??”。
Eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+??”表示“A是两者中较??的”。
Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都??”，含义是“A最??”。
Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.
（三）最高级常用句型结构
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“??是??中最??的”。
eg：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
This apple is the biggest of the five.
2．“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“??是??中最??之一”。
Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
3．“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?
4.“the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示?是第几大（?）
eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the
eg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.
（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化
规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
eg. big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，
slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful
不规则变化
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
（3） 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他I have not finished my homework. （否定句）
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）
（4）has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Eg. ---Where is your father？
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
（5）现在完成时的标志：
①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.
②for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
（6）动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化： 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：
stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
篇三：2014最新版新目标八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳
八年级英语下册知识点
Unit 1. what’s the matter?
一．重点短语归纳
1. foot---feet 脚 <复>tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
2. have a cold 感冒 3. have a stomachache 胃疼 4. have a sore back背疼 5. have a sore throat喉咙疼 6. have a fever发烧 7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息
8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生 10.drink lots of water多喝水
11.lots of ,a lot of, 许多。大量 a lot
a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。： There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground
a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot. 12. have a toothache牙疼 13. That’s a good idea好主意 14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 15. feel well感到好feel ill 感到不舒服
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well我感觉不舒服. 16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事
to do 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情
doing是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。 17. two days ago两天前 18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿
19. I think so我认为是这样 20. be thirsty口渴 21. be hungry 饥饿 22. be stressed out紧张 23. listen to music听音乐
24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医 26. need to do sth 需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医. We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净. 27. too much + 不可数名词太多的…
much too +形/副实在太… 极其，非常 too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
28.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处 be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害 be good to 对…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长 be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：
I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。 29.get good grades 取得好成绩
30.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气
I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。
be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气
31.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。 32.balanced diet平衡饮食
33.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired
34.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health
35.He shouldn’t eat anything
=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
36.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议 advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
He gave me some good advice. 他向我提了一些很好的意见。
49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时， get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠 50.take medicine 吃药 服药
I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构
It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的. It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的 三．重点句子
1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？
=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…
You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西. 3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替 I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.
4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前
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5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来 这里better是well的比较级
10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要 四．知识结构
1○
.情态动词should的用法 should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。 eg. You should wait a little more. 你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。 2○
maybe与may be1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。 He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。 She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师 4○
few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思，例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
5○
not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.……until/till直到··· （肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.
一．知识点： 短语动词小结
有几个。常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动 词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出
run out of 用完，耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫clean-up n. 打扫2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家 4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语 5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出catch up with 赶上 追上 7. put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴
8. write down 写下 记下9. call up 打电话make a telephone call 打电话 10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。 11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用 12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English. 16. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 17. run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本
身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换
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如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time 18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像 take after 相像look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 19. work out v. + adj.①结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。 21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。 22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会 23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如： thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我 24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。 25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。 26. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人 give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线 27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。 29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能
36. volunteer ①可数名词 “志愿者”②adj. 自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。 二．句子
1．We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2．She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3．Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。 4．The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。 6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。 8．We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。
9．You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 10．He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who
don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一．重要词组及短语
1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？ 2. do the chores 做杂务 3. do the dishes 洗餐具 4. sweep the floor 清扫地板5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 铺床 7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服8. clean the living room 清扫客厅 9. stay out late 晚归 10. come over 过来 11. have a test 考试 12. get a ride 搭车13. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑 14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事
15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服17. wash the car 刷车 16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭
18. work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫 19. borrow some money 借一些钱
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。 Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？ 20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。 invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地 invite you to my party 21. go to the store 去商店
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22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见
23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好 26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 27. play with sb. 和某人玩
28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过) （2）关于 to 的短语总结：
have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事want to do sth. 想做某事 love to do sth. 热爱做某事forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事begin to do sth. 开始做某事 ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
二．重点句型
1. Could you please clean your room?
Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first. 2. Could I please use the car?
Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day? 作允答可以各种各样： 如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意，可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课 5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight直到半夜 7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事 17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with和睦相处；关系良: 19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 23. so that以便24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气28. worry about sth. 担心某事 29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己
31. family members 家庭成员32. spend time alone独自消磨时光 33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点 39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧40. practice sports体育训练 41. cause stress造成压力42. cut out删除 一. 重要词汇和句型
1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? == Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ? ( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night . (3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人\ 某物 怎么样
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。 ( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ? (2) 向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ? ( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ? ( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ? I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
3. receive 收到The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
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== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it . 4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child .
数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：
a five-year-old girl一个五岁的女孩 a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与 动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb.
He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。 too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换.
与enough to转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词, 副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式. Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther . 6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 \ 价值 (多少钱 )How much did it cost ? 这花了多少钱？
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much . 我没有买，因为它太贵了。 The meal cost us about 100 yuan . 这顿饭花费了我大约100块3. 7. pay ,spend ,cost ,take 的区别
pay花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人.Sb. pay some money for sth. I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。
Spend花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth. Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth. I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。 cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money . This jacket cost him 200 dollars . 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。take 花费 (时间 ),主语为It It takes sb. some time to do sth . 花费某人多少时间做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ? 花费某人多少时间做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . 刘红花了2个小时做作业。 8.sleep , sleeping, sleepy ,asleep , fall asleep ,be asleep sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作.
I am very tired . I want to sleep . 我很累，想睡觉。 sleeping ,Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的.
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed . 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。 asleep 睡着了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school . 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。
fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。 be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 . He was asleep for three hours . 他睡了3个小时。
9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式chose, 过去分词chosen choose to do sth. 选择做某事
We choose Mike as our leader ( 领导 ). 我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。Will you help me choose a dictionary ? 你会帮我选一本字典吗？ 10. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？ ( 2 ) 形容词,be open 开着的, 开放的
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。 close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
11. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句
The color seems green rather than blue . 这种颜色看上去像绿色而不是蓝色。 We depend on you rather than on him . 我们依赖的是你父亲而不是他。prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us . 她宁愿待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。 12. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night，instead, I watched a football match on TV. 我昨天晚上没有去看电影，反而是在家里看了场足球赛。( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是”
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead . 我不喜欢这件，给我那件吧。 instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是”We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . 我们不是坐电梯下来，而是走楼梯。
13. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves . 家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情，
14. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”make progress “取得进步, 取得进展” Tom is now making great progress at school . 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。
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